Chemical and Genetic Tools to Assess ER Stress

Chemical and Genetic Tools to Assess ER Stress

Generally, we add ER stress inducers and measure UPR activation and subsequent downstream responses. However, these results cannot directly reflect the accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER cavity. Direct measurement of ER stress levels in cells has been challenging. As a leader in the field of cellular stress, Creative Bioarray provides a variety of chemical and genetic tools for evaluating endoplasmic reticulum stress for our customers to choose from.

List of Antibodies for Detecting ER Stress Markers

ER stress and UPR play an important role in physiology and the development of many diseases. We usually use WB, IF, IHC, and IP as evaluation methods to evaluate ER stress. The antibodies we use include but are not limited to

Antibody SourceReactivity Application
IRE1α Rabbit Human,  Mouse IP, IF, WB, IHC
IRE1α (B12) Mouse Mouse, Rabbit, Human IP, IF, WB, IHC
p-IRE1 pS724 Rabbit Mouse, Rabbit, Human WB
p-IRE1 pS729 Rabbit Mouse WB
XBP1s (9D11A43) Mouse Human, Mouse IF, WB
XBP1s (D2C1F) Mouse Human WB
RTCB Rabbit Human, Mouse IP, IF, WB, IHC
PERK (C33E10) Rabbit Human, Mouse, Rabbit, Mousek WB
PERK (D11A8) Rabbit Human IP, IF, WB
p-PERK (16F8) (Thr980) Rabbit Rabbit WB
p-PERK (Thr982) Rabbit Human, Mouse IP, IF, WB, IHC
eIF2a (L57A5) Mouse Human, Mouse, Rabbit, Mousek WB
p-eIF2a(119A11) (S51) Rabbit Human, Mouse, Rabbit, Mousek WB
ATF4 Mouse Mouse, Rabbit, Human WB
ATF6 (1-7) Mouse Human IP, IF, WB
CHOP (L63F7) Mouse Human, Mouse, Rabbit IP, IF, WB
BIP (C50B12) Rabbit Human, Mouse WB
PDIA3 (3G4G7) Mouse Human, Mouse, Rabbit IP, IF, WB, IHC
SAPK/JNK Rabbit Human, Mouse, Rabbit WB
p-SAPK/JNK(81E11) (Thr183/Tyr185) Rabbit Human, Mouse, Rabbit WB
p-SAPK/JNK(G9) (Thr183/Tyr185) Mouse Human, Mouse, Rabbit WB
TXNIP Mouse Human, Mouse, Rabbit WB
Insulin (2D11-H5) Mouse Human, Mouse, Rabbit IP, IF, WB, IHC
PRDX4 Rabbit Human, Mouse, Rabbit IP, IF, WB, IHC
BLOS1 Rabbit Human, Mouse, Rabbit IP, IF, WB, IHC
MANF Rabbit Human, Mouse WB
GADD34/PPP1R15A Rabbit Human, Mouse, Rabbit IP, IF, WB, IHC

ER Functional Changes Assess Services in Mammalian Cells

When the endoplasmic reticulum is under stress, its fine morphology, structure, size and molecular composition function will change. The tools and services we use to evaluate the structure and function of ER are as follows

ProjectMethods Notes
ER size and shape EM, Fluorescent Microscopy Immunofluorescence EM, DiIC16(3) and DiIC18(3), PDI, SERCA, GPR78, etc.
GFP-Sec63, Calnexin IF
Secretion Luciferase assay Gaussia luciferase
Protein aggregation Fluorescence ThT

The UPR Genetics Tools

  • The UPR genetics tools-IRE1α
ProjectMethods Notes
Xbp1s XBP1-venus Monitoring the fluorescence activity of venus in the nucleus
F-XBP1ΔDBD-venus  
IRE1α RNAse activity RFP-GFP fusion Flow cytometry
IRE1α Oligomerization WB/Florescence sfGFP-IRE1α construct
EGFP-IRE1α construct
IRE1α Transfection IRE1α KA-pcDNA3.EGFP
IRE1α-pcDNA3.EGFP
  • The UPR genetics tools-PERK
ProjectMethods Notes
NRF2-KEAP1 Luciferase assay Neh2-luciferase to monitor drug-induced Nrf2 stabilization
  • The UPR genetics tools-ATF6
ProjectMethods Notes
ATF6f localization Luciferase assay p5xATF6-GL3
Immunofluorescence p5xFLAG-ATF6
Immunofluorescence pCGN-ATF6 (1-373)
pCGN-ATF6 (1-373)m
ATF6 nuclear localization Western blot/Immunofluorescence, selective ATF6f induction DHFR:ATF6

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